|
全球化与民族国家
贾
英
健
著
中文提要
全球化作为一种变化的范式和社会现象,无疑成为当今世界最重要的特征之一。全球化对于人类社会生活的影响和冲击是史无前例的,它是人类在当今时代面临的一场前所未有的革命。在全球化的全方位冲击中,首当其冲的就是来自对作为全球化进程中的价值原点的民族国家的冲击。这样,民族国家面临的挑战以及解决方式自然也就成为全球化进程中的核心问题,并成为民族国家未来发展中不可回避的一个重要问题。本书站在全球化的视野来审视民族国家,通过对民族国家的概念厘定及历史考察,着重论述了全球化背景下民族国家的当代境遇、职能变迁及其价值认同,并试图为建构中国特色的民族国家意识提供理论参照。作者认为,作为现代意义上的民族国家,是指建立在民族认同基础上的,以暴力作后盾,以公共权力为核心的代表全体国民利益的主权国家,它集政治意识形态共同体和民族文化共同体于一身,并以后者为其本质。从民族国家的产生看,它源于资本主义的生产方式的发展、国家主义确立以及现代性扩张,并通过人们的历史建构出现的。全球化推动着民族国家的产生,民族国家构成了全球化发展的主体,他们共同推动着人类社会的进步。然而,民族国家在当代却面临着因全球化的加速发展带来的挑战。市场经济的发展不断削弱着民族国家存在的理念、各种非国家行为体造成了民族国家权力的转移,信息革命不断侵蚀着民族国家主权,文化的全球化、文化帝国主义和意识形态终结等对于民族文化和国家意识形态的冲击。尽管如此,它不仅不意味着民族国家时代的终结和民族国家意识的过时,恰恰相反,它为我们认识并在此基础上建构民族国家的新理念提供了新的视野。虽然国家最终是要消亡的,但至少在可以预见的将来,国家仍将在全球化进程中扮演重要的角色。从民族国家这一群体的角度来看,一方面,国家作为一个自主行为体,在全球化挑战面前总是能通过对其自身内部组织的调整,使国家行为体保持其内部活力,并不断地适应因全球化地变化而对民族国家提出的新要求。国家对于内部结构的调整,说到底是国家通过市场来实现市场、国家与社会之间权力的再分配过程,而处理好这些问题关键是要找到国家在与社会的关系的合理定位,通过权力与权利的功能界分寻求国家与社会之间的平衡和协调。另一方面,全球化正在使不同民族和国家之间的共识越来越多,人类在寻求这种共识的过程中呼吁一种全球伦理的出现,而这对于不同民族国家的利益来说,无疑存在着矛盾和冲突。解决这一矛盾和冲突,客观上需要在超越他们两极对立的意义上才能实现。从个体的角度来看,全球化使人的存在方式发生了重大变化。人的存在方式的变化又必然造成个人对于民族国家认同的变化,并引起民族国家认同的危机。从积极的意义上看,危机孕育着认同的重建。在今天,重建民族国家的认同,确立一种引导人们形成正确认同的价值向度是非常重要的。中国社会主义现代化的国家理念建构是时代向我们提出的一项迫切任务。追求中国的现代化是中国人早已就有的富民强国之梦。世纪之交,追求现代化的中国终于以自己的积极努力真正使自己融入到全球化的大潮之中去,然而,在全球化提供的发展机遇面前,中国同样也遇到了巨大挑战。中国现代化的后发特征以及社会主义这一根本方向决定了中国现代化只能走有中国特色的社会主义现代化发展的未来之路。这需要用一种世界眼光,站在全球发展的高度,去建构一种能够适应全球化要求的中国现代化发展的新的国家理念。
Abstract
Undoubtedly,
globalization, a changeable pattern and
social phenomenon, is one of the most
important characters of contemporary world.
The influence that globalization exert upon
the social life is unprecedented, and it is
also an unprecedented revolution that
humankind is confronted with. Nation-state
is affected by the process of globalization.
Thus what the nation-state is challenged and
how it solves this challenge are the
important questions that nation-state can’t
avoid, and which have become the core
questions. This book surveys the
nation-state in the view of the
globalization. By defining the concept of
the nation-state and it’s evolution in the
history, the book emphasizes the
nation-state’s current situation, the change
of function, and the value identity in the
era of globalization. By the discussion
above mentioned, we try to construct a
framework to research the consciousness of
nation-state with Chinese characteristics.
The author thinks the nation-state in the
sense of modernity refers to the sovereignty
based on the national identity. And the
force is its backing, common power is its
core. Nation-state is a complexity
consisting of the community of the ideology
and the national culture. Nation-state
originates from the capitalism production
mode, the establishment of nationalism, the
expansion of modernity. Globalization pushes
forward the appearance of nation-state, and
the nation-state plays the role of principal
part of the globalization. Two of them
contribute to the development of the whole
society. At present the globalization’s
accelerating development challenges the
nation-state. The development of the market
economy weakens the idea of the
nation-state. The community of unstate
arouses the transfer of the power of the
nation-state. And the information
revolutionary increasingly weathers the
sovereignty. The culture globalization and
the end of ideology give great impact on the
nationality’s ideology. Although the things
above mentioned appear, yet the nationality
doesn’t end and the consciousness of the
nationality isn’t put of the season.
Reversely a new field of vision appears in
which we can construct the new idea of
nationality. The nationality will inevitably
die, yet in the future that we can foresee
nationality will play an important role in
the process of globalization. On one hand,
nationality can adjust its inherent factors
to keep it’s energy and adapt to the new
requirement that globalization gives. The
nationality uses the market to realize the
reallocation the power among the market,
state and the society. In this process the
most important thing is determine the role
of the state and the society. The balance
and the correspondence can be achieved by
determining the circumscription of the power
and the right. On the other hand, more and
more common opinions can be achieved in the
globalization, thus humankind should appeal
to a global ethic. This will inevitably lead
to the contradiction in different countries
in view of their different interests. To
solve the contradiction, humankind needs
transcend the opposing opinions. Because the
globalization leads to a great change of
humankind’s life style which will change
individual’s changes in the identity in the
nationality, the crisis of identity appears.
But the reconstruction of identity comes
forth in this situation, which is
undoubtedly a positive phenomenon. Today
it’s very important to reconstruct the
national identity to lead humankind to form
an appropriate value identity. We must
construct a modern nationality idea with
Chinese characteristics, which is a pressing
task for us. Realization of modernization is
a dream that Chinese have been pursing.
China’s modernity is that from the within.
This reality determines we must choose the
route with Chinese characteristics. In the
turn of century, China has entered into the
process of globalization. We meet a lot of
opportunities, yet we are confronted with
many challenges. We need to construct a new
idea of nationality to adapt to the
requirement of the globalization from the
view of globalization.
目
录
导论…………………………………………………………………………………5-12
一、全球化与民族国家问题的凸现………………………………………………5-7
二、民族国家问题的研究现状………………………………………………7-10
三、民族国家研究中存在的问题……………………………………………10-11
四、本书的基本内容及逻辑结构……………………………………………11-12
第一章
民族国家的本质和特征…………………………………………………13-35
一、民族和国家的概念界定…………………………………………………13-25
二、民族国家的本质内涵……………………………………………………25-31
三、民族国家的特征和历史变动性…………………………………………31-35
第二章
民族国家的历史起源……………………………………………………36-48
一、民族国家产生的历史动力………………………………………………36-40
二、民族国家的历史建构……………………………………………………40-42
三、民族国家的早期发轫……………………………………………………42-45
四、民族国家的普遍现实性…………………………………………………45-46
五、民族国家与全球化的相互依赖…………………………………………46-48
第三章
民族国家的当代境遇……………………………………………………49-103
一、市场经济发展与国家存在理念的削弱…………………………………49-55
二、非国家行为体与国家权力的转移………………………………………55-76
三、信息革命与民族国家的主权……………………………………………76-85
四、文化的全球化与民族化…………………………………………………85-94
五、文化帝国主义与国家意识形态的终结…………………………………94-103
第四章
民族国家的价值构建……………………………………………………104-148
一、自主行为体:民族国家的现代标志……………………………………104-113
二、国家与社会关系的当代建构……………………………………………113-127
三、全球伦理精神与国家利益追求…………………………………………127-137
四、全球化与个人对民族国家的认同………………………………………137-148
第五章
全球化背景下的当代中国………………………………………………149-159
一、全球化与追求现代化发展的中国………………………………………149-153
二、全球化视野下的社会主义中国的发展…………………………………153-155
三、中国现代化国家理念的当代构建………………………………………155-157
四、中国现代化国家理念确立的基本原则…………………………………157-159
结语
民族国家的未来……………………………………………………………160-164
主要参考文献………………………………………………………………………165-174
后记…………………………………………………………………………………175
全书下载
|