北京师范大学

               哲学与社会学学院

             college of philosophy and sociology

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全球化与文化整合

李晓东著

 

 中文摘要

经济全球化的普遍发展,使得文化发展具有了许多新的特征。从哲学的角度深化对这些基本特征的把握和理解,是我们深刻理解人类文化发展本质含义的关键所在。从哲学的存在形态来看,哲学作为时代精神的精华,在经济全球化时代仍然大有可为。从哲学与文化的关系来看,哲学作为人类文化的最高自我意识,是人类文化进行反思的必要条件,也是人类文化发展的客观结果。从人类文化发展本身来看,人类文化的发展,归根结底是对人类自由的追求过程。这种从“必然王国”向“自由王国”的不断接近构成了经济全球化时代人类文化发展的根本形式和主要过程。

在经济全球化的深入发展过程中,人类文化的发展也表现出许多新的特征。主要来说,表现为以下几个方面:文化多样性成为全球文化发展的主要表现形式;文化帝国主义的强化成为全球文化发展的新问题;追求文化发展的先进性成为各种地域文化形式共同追求的目标。在此背景下,中国的文化建设也必然走先进文化的建设之路,这是人类文化发展的必然要求。

文化发展的多样性和多样化的关系问题是全面理解全球化进程中文化发展的首要问题。从文化发展的多样性来看,主要表现为文化内容的空前复杂性、文化主体的广泛丰富性和文化形式的极大创新性。文化发展的多样化之路主要通过以下几种方式来实现的,即文化冲突、文化融合、文化传播、文化殖民和文化整合。这几种发展方式之间的纠结交错和相互作用,使得人类文化发展呈现出多方向、多层次、多形式的状态。从统一性来看,文化多样性和文化多样化之间在指涉主体、发展过程、发展道路等方面存在许多一致性,而在表现形态、侧重角度和发展方式等方面则存在差异性。正确区分二者是正确理解经济全球化背景下世界文化发展趋势不可或缺的重要方面。

从经济全球化的发展道路来看,文化冲突主要表现为不同地域文化冲突的中心化、相同地域文化冲突的深入化和世界范围内文化冲突形式的复杂化。这种特征,是经济全球化的时代物质、社会条件发展的必然结果,并表现为形式多样化、内容深层化和冲突持久化的趋势。在经济全球化时代,社会物质条件和人类认识改造世界工具的根本变革,使得文化融合比以往任何时候都具有现实的可能性。但是,这与实现全球范围内具有普遍意义的文化融合还有很大距离。只有在社会进步的整体发展中实现了文化发展的有机性、整体性、共同性和理想性,才能实现文化融合。作为文化冲突和文化融合相统一的文化整合,是经济全球化时代人类文化发展的过程,是人类文化在对立和斗争中保持统一的主要方式。人类文化整合的逐步展开过程,就是人类文化的多样化过程,也是经济全球化时代人类社会进步的逐步实现过程。在文化整合的过程中,必须正确处理文化冲突和文化融合、文化发展与经济发展、世界化与本土化、一体化和多样化之间的关系。

先进文化建设是我国参与世界文化整合的必由之路。所谓先进文化,就是有中国特色的社会主义文化。其主要特征表现为文化内容的先进性、文化形式的大众性、文化传统的继承性、文化任务的基础性和文化发展的时代性。先进文化具有三个维度,即继承过去、立足现实和面向未来。由此出发,我们必须从指导思想、精神动力、中心环节、智力基础、物质基础和制度保证等方面搞好先进文化建设。作为人类文化发展的基本原则,解放思想在历史发展进程中发挥着不可忽视的作用。正确认识解放思想对我国的改革开放和社会进步的作用,是我们进行先进文化建设的思想原则,是推动先进文化建设的重要保证,是全面理解先进文化建设的现实要求。

分析和理解西方文化哲学在经济全球化时代的发展,是全面理解这一时期文化发展必然要求。在作者看来,西方文化哲学主要包括各种专门以人类的文化特质为研究对象的哲学理论和思潮以及包含在诸种哲学思潮和流派中的形形色色的文化理论和文化观点。20世纪西方文化哲学的兴起和发展是哲学研究对象重点转移的结果,也是深入认识人类存在与发展和文化发展的必然。与人的个体、群体、类的存在方式相应,西方文化哲学也以人的文化哲学、社会文化哲学和类的文化哲学的形态而存在。从西方文化哲学的发展来看文化哲学的发展趋势,一体化与多元化并存的文化哲学在新世纪里大有可为。所以,我们要努力使中国文化走向世界、走向未来,为建设统一的全球文明做出贡献。


 

Abstract

The worldwide development of economic globalization made that the human culture having lots of new characteristic than ever. The deeper comprehension of it on philosophical point of view is the key to understand the innate meaning of human culture. Seeing from it's essential nature, as the spirit distillation of the Age, the philosophy can do so many things for human being. Seeing from the relation of the philosophy and culture, as the uppermost ego-consciousness of the mankind culture, the philosophy is not only the necessary condition of the cultural reflection but the objective results of the cultural development as well. In the final analysis, the process of cultural development of human being is the freedom-pursuing of human being. The main mode and process for mankind cultural development in the age of economic globalization is that the process from the kingdom of inevitability to the kingdom of freedom.

The development of human culture had some new appearance in the process of economic globalization. It can be particularized in the following: First of all, the diversity of culture is the dominating form of worldwide development of human culture. On the secondary, the question of Cultural Imperialism appeared and became the focus of cultural development. At last, the common goal of different parochial culture is to pursue the advancity of culture. So, we must develop our culture by the construction of advanced culture. It is the requirement of cultural development of human being.

The relationship between the diversity of culture and the diversification of culture is the most important problem to understand the cultural development of human being in the globalization. The diversity of culture in the process of globalization includes the complexity of cultural contents, the abundance of cultural subjective and the innovation of cultural form. The diversification of culture includes the confliction, fusion, diffusion, colonization and integration of culture. The uniformity of them is that they have common cultural subjective, developing process and ways. The otherness of them is that they have different appearance, visual angle and developing modes. It is necessary to distinguish them in the context of economic globalization.

The new characteristic of cultural confliction is that the centering of different parochial cultural conflictions, the deepening of same parochial cultural conflictions and the complicatedness of culture confliction worldwide. It is the result of economic globalization, and it manifests the tendency of diversification of cultural form, deepening of cultural content and incessancy of cultural confliction. The fusion of culture in the age of globalization had more actual possibility than ever because of the betterment of subjective conditions and cognitive tools. At the same time, there is long distance for our world from it coming true. The human culture is fused only when all the parts of it have organization, totality, intercommunity and ideality. As the uniform of cultural confliction and cultural fusion, the integration of culture is the process of human culture in the age of globalization. The process of cultural integration is both the process of cultural diversification and the process of the social progress during the economic globalization. We must deal with the relationships between cultural conflict and fusion, cultural development and economic development, globalization and localization, integration and multiplicity, and so on.

The construction of advanced culture is the only way for our country to join in the cultural integration of the world. The main characteristic of advanced culture is that the advancity of the content, the popularity of the form, the inherity of the tradition, the fundamentality of the mission and the time spirit of the development of culture. The construction of advanced culture can be divided into several parts: the guidelines, the spirit impetus, the central tache, the intellective foundation, the subjective foundation and the institutional assurance. The liberation of thoughts is the basic principle of the development of the human culture. It is very important to understand the relationship between the liberation of thoughts and the reformation and opening, the relationship between the liberation of thoughts and social progress. This is the basic principle on the construction of advanced culture, and it is the important assurance to promote this process and to understand the advanced culture wholly.

    It is the objective requirement of cultural development to analyze and understand the development of western cultural philosophy in the ages of globalization. The author concludes that the western cultural philosophy can be divided into two aspects. On the one hand, it means the philosophical theories and thoughts whose special study object is cultural trait of humankind .On the other hand, it means cultural theories and viewpoints of all forms which are included in kinds of trend of philosophical thoughts and schools. The rising and developing of the western cultural philosophy in 20th century is not only the result of the shifting of focal points on philosophical study but also the necessity of further understanding about existent human and cultural developments. The existent modes of human being are individual, group and humankind. Accordingly, western cultural philosophy includes cultural philosophy on person, social cultural philosophy and cultural philosophy on humankind. On the basis of the developments of western cultural philosophy, we can predict that the coexistence of multiplicity and integration cultural philosophy in new century will be of great importance. So we must try our best, by making Chinese culture advancing towards world and future, to make contribution towards the construction of united global civilization.

 

第一章           对哲学与文化的基本认识(10

一、对哲学存在形态的理解(10

二、对哲学与文化关系的一种思考(14

三、人类文化的本质是追求自由(18

第二章           经济全球化时代文化发展的特征(23

一、文化多样性:全球化时代文化发展的主要表现(23

二、文化帝国主义:全球化时代文化发展的新问题(24

三、文化先进性:全球文化发展共同追求的目标(26

四、努力发展先进文化:中国文化建设的必然道路(28

第三章           文化发展的多样性与多样化(30

一、文化发展的多样性(30

二、人类文化发展的多样化之路(37

三、文化多样性和文化多样化的关系分析(40

四、当前区分文化多样性和文化多样化的意义(42

第四章           经济全球化时代的文化多样化之路(45

一、经济全球化时代的文化冲突(45

二、经济全球化时代的文化融合(51

三、经济全球化时代的文化整合(56

四、文化多样化:长路漫漫(61

第五章           先进文化建设:文化整合的中国之路(62

一、先进文化的基本特征(62

二、先进文化的三个维度(66

三、先进文化建设的主要内容与实现途径(69

第六章           先进文化建设的核心原则(74

一、世界历史进程中的解放思想(74

二、解放思想与改革开放(78

三、解放思想与社会进步(82

第七章           经济全球化时代西方文化哲学的崛起(88

一、20世纪西方文化哲学的崛起及其形态划分(88

二、20世纪西方文化哲学发展的总体评析(93

三、从西方文化哲学的发展看文化哲学的发展趋势(95

第八章           经济全球化时代西方文化哲学的反思(98

一、反思社会历史:社会文化哲学(98

二、关注人的生存:人的文化哲学(103

三、审视人类发展:类的文化哲学(110

结束语(116

主要参考文献(117

后记(120


 

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